finish all unit tests

.claude/settings.local.json

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
       "Bash(docker-compose ps:*)",
       "Bash(tree:*)",
       "Bash(docker-compose:*)",
-      "Bash(chmod:*)"
+      "Bash(chmod:*)",
+      "Bash(ls:*)",
+      "Bash(cat:*)"
     ],
     "deny": [],
     "ask": []

DOCKER_COMPOSE_GUIDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+# Docker Compose Patterns - Quick Guide
+
+This guide provides a focused reference for all Docker Compose patterns used in this project.
+
+## Overview
+
+This project uses **three Docker Compose files** for different purposes:
+
+```
+docker-compose.yml          ← Start application server
+docker-compose.test.yml     ← Run unit tests
+docker-compose.coverage.yml ← Generate coverage reports
+```
+
+---
+
+## Pattern 1: Application Server
+
+**File**: `docker-compose.yml`
+**Purpose**: Deploy JAX-WS application to Tomcat
+
+### Commands
+
+```bash
+# Start server
+docker-compose up -d
+
+# Start with build
+docker-compose up -d --build
+
+# View logs
+docker-compose logs -f
+
+# Stop server
+docker-compose down
+
+# Restart
+docker-compose restart
+```
+
+### What Happens
+
+1. Builds Docker image (3 stages):
+   - Stage 1: Run unit tests
+   - Stage 2: Build WAR file
+   - Stage 3: Deploy to Tomcat
+2. Starts Tomcat on port 8080
+3. Creates/persists SQLite database
+
+### Access
+
+- Hello World: http://localhost:8080/jaxws-hello-world/hello?wsdl
+- Loan Service: http://localhost:8080/jaxws-hello-world/loan?wsdl
+- Tomcat Manager: http://localhost:8080/manager (admin/admin123)
+
+---
+
+## Pattern 2: Run Unit Tests
+
+**File**: `docker-compose.test.yml`
+**Purpose**: Execute JUnit tests
+
+### Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run tests
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+
+# View test output
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml logs
+
+# Clean up
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+
+# One-liner (run and clean)
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build && docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+```
+
+### Convenience Scripts
+
+**Windows:**
+```cmd
+run-tests.bat
+```
+
+**Linux/Mac:**
+```bash
+./run-tests.sh
+```
+
+### What Happens
+
+1. Builds test environment
+2. Runs `mvn test`
+3. Executes all *Test.java files
+4. Exports results to `./target/surefire-reports/`
+5. Generates JaCoCo coverage data
+
+### Output
+
+**Console:**
+```
+Tests run: 10, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+BUILD SUCCESS
+```
+
+**Files:**
+- `./target/surefire-reports/` - Test reports (text & XML)
+- `./target/jacoco.exec` - Coverage data
+
+---
+
+## Pattern 3: Generate Code Coverage
+
+**File**: `docker-compose.coverage.yml`
+**Purpose**: Generate JaCoCo coverage reports
+
+### Commands
+
+```bash
+# Generate coverage
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+
+# View logs
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml logs
+
+# Clean up
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+
+# One-liner (generate and clean)
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build && docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+```
+
+### Convenience Scripts
+
+**Windows:**
+```cmd
+run-coverage.bat
+```
+
+**Linux/Mac:**
+```bash
+./run-coverage.sh
+```
+
+### What Happens
+
+1. Builds test environment
+2. Runs `mvn test` with JaCoCo agent
+3. Generates coverage reports (HTML, XML, CSV)
+4. Exports to `./target/site/jacoco/`
+
+### Output
+
+**Console:**
+```
+=================================================================================
+Coverage report generated successfully!
+=================================================================================
+HTML Report: ./target/site/jacoco/index.html
+XML Report:  ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml
+CSV Report:  ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.csv
+=================================================================================
+```
+
+**Files:**
+- `./target/site/jacoco/index.html` ← **Open this in browser**
+- `./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml` (for CI/CD)
+- `./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.csv` (for spreadsheets)
+
+---
+
+## Complete Workflow
+
+### Typical Development Cycle
+
+```bash
+# 1. Write code
+vim src/main/java/com/example/service/MyService.java
+
+# 2. Run tests
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+
+# 3. Check coverage
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+
+# 4. View coverage report
+# Open target/site/jacoco/index.html in browser
+
+# 5. Deploy if tests pass
+docker-compose up -d --build
+
+# 6. Verify
+curl http://localhost:8080/jaxws-hello-world/hello?wsdl
+
+# 7. View logs
+docker-compose logs -f
+
+# 8. Stop when done
+docker-compose down
+```
+
+### Using Convenience Scripts (Faster)
+
+**Windows:**
+```cmd
+REM 1. Write code
+notepad src\main\java\com\example\service\MyService.java
+
+REM 2. Run tests
+run-tests.bat
+
+REM 3. Generate coverage
+run-coverage.bat
+
+REM 4. View coverage
+start target\site\jacoco\index.html
+
+REM 5. Deploy
+docker-compose up -d --build
+```
+
+**Linux/Mac:**
+```bash
+# 1. Write code
+vim src/main/java/com/example/service/MyService.java
+
+# 2. Run tests
+./run-tests.sh
+
+# 3. Generate coverage
+./run-coverage.sh
+
+# 4. View coverage (Linux)
+xdg-open target/site/jacoco/index.html
+
+# 5. Deploy
+docker-compose up -d --build
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quick Reference Table
+
+| Task | Docker Compose Command | Script Alternative |
+|------|----------------------|-------------------|
+| **Run Tests** | `docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build` | `run-tests.bat` / `./run-tests.sh` |
+| **Generate Coverage** | `docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build` | `run-coverage.bat` / `./run-coverage.sh` |
+| **Start Server** | `docker-compose up -d` | N/A |
+| **Stop Server** | `docker-compose down` | N/A |
+| **View Logs** | `docker-compose logs -f` | N/A |
+| **Rebuild Server** | `docker-compose up -d --build` | N/A |
+
+---
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Pattern: Test-Driven Development (TDD)
+
+```bash
+# Watch-test loop (manual)
+while true; do
+  docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+  docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+  read -p "Press Enter to run again, Ctrl+C to exit..."
+done
+```
+
+### Pattern: CI/CD Pipeline
+
+```yaml
+# GitHub Actions example
+- name: Run Tests
+  run: docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+
+- name: Generate Coverage
+  run: docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+
+- name: Upload Coverage
+  uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+  with:
+    files: ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml
+
+- name: Deploy (if tests pass)
+  run: docker-compose up -d --build
+```
+
+### Pattern: Pre-commit Hook
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+# .git/hooks/pre-commit
+
+echo "Running tests before commit..."
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+
+if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "Tests failed! Commit aborted."
+    docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+echo "Tests passed! Proceeding with commit."
+```
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Tests Failing
+
+```bash
+# View detailed test output
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up
+
+# Check test container logs
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml logs
+
+# Access test container
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml run --rm test bash
+```
+
+### Coverage Report Empty
+
+```bash
+# Ensure tests are running
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+
+# Check if target directory is mounted
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml config | grep target
+
+# Manually verify mount
+ls -la target/site/jacoco/
+```
+
+### Server Won't Start
+
+```bash
+# Check if port 8080 is in use
+netstat -ano | findstr :8080  # Windows
+lsof -i :8080                 # Linux/Mac
+
+# View server logs
+docker-compose logs -f
+
+# Rebuild from scratch
+docker-compose down
+docker-compose build --no-cache
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Usage
+
+### Run Specific Test
+
+```bash
+# Override command to run specific test
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml run --rm test \
+  mvn test -Dtest=HelloWorldServiceImplTest
+```
+
+### Custom Memory Settings
+
+```bash
+# Override environment variable
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml run --rm \
+  -e MAVEN_OPTS="-Xmx1024m" test mvn test
+```
+
+### Debug Mode
+
+```bash
+# Run tests with Maven debug output
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml run --rm test \
+  mvn test -X
+```
+
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+- **3 Docker Compose files** = 3 different purposes
+- **Test first** before deploying
+- **Check coverage** to ensure quality
+- **Use scripts** for convenience
+- **All outputs** go to `./target/`
+
+**Quick commands to remember:**
+```bash
+run-tests.bat           # or ./run-tests.sh
+run-coverage.bat        # or ./run-coverage.sh
+docker-compose up -d    # start server
+```
+
+That's it! You now have everything you need to use Docker Compose patterns in this project.

Dockerfile.coverage

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Multi-stage build for code coverage
+FROM maven:3.8.6-openjdk-8 AS builder
+
+# Set working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy pom.xml and src
+COPY pom.xml .
+COPY src ./src
+
+# Build with tests
+RUN mvn clean package -DskipTests=false
+
+# Create a separate stage for running tests with coverage
+FROM maven:3.8.6-openjdk-8
+
+# Set working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy the built project
+COPY --from=builder /app/target/*.war /app/app.war
+
+# Install dependencies for coverage reporting
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y wget unzip
+
+# Create a script to run tests with coverage
+COPY scripts/ .
+
+# Run tests with coverage
+CMD ["mvn", "test"]

Dockerfile.coverage.simple

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+FROM maven:3.8.6-openjdk-8
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy pom.xml and source files
+COPY pom.xml .
+COPY src ./src
+
+# Run tests with coverage
+RUN mvn clean test
+
+# Generate coverage report
+RUN mvn jacoco:report
+
+# Show the coverage report location
+RUN echo "Coverage report is available in target/site/jacoco/"

README.md

@@ -2,6 +2,25 @@
 
 A complete JAX-WS SOAP web services application for loan processing, featuring customer registration, credit score evaluation, and loan approval workflows with SQLite database persistence.
 
+## Quick Reference Card
+
+### 🚀 Three Ways to Use This Project
+
+| Task | Command | Result |
+|------|---------|--------|
+| **Run Tests** | `docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build` | Tests run, results in `./target/surefire-reports/` |
+| **Generate Coverage** | `docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build` | Coverage report in `./target/site/jacoco/index.html` |
+| **Start Server** | `docker-compose up -d` | Server running at http://localhost:8080 |
+
+### 📝 Convenience Scripts
+
+| Platform | Run Tests | Generate Coverage |
+|----------|-----------|-------------------|
+| **Windows** | `run-tests.bat` | `run-coverage.bat` |
+| **Linux/Mac** | `./run-tests.sh` | `./run-coverage.sh` |
+
+---
+
 ## Project Details
 
 ### Overview
@@ -23,7 +42,8 @@ This project demonstrates a production-ready JAX-WS web service implementation u
 - **Application Server**: Apache Tomcat 9+
 - **Database**: SQLite 3.43.0
 - **Containerization**: Docker & Docker Compose
-- **Testing**: Python 3 with zeep library
+- **Unit Testing**: JUnit 5 (Jupiter), Mockito, JaCoCo
+- **Integration Testing**: Python 3 with requests library
 
 ### Key Features
 
@@ -32,7 +52,8 @@ This project demonstrates a production-ready JAX-WS web service implementation u
 - **Credit Risk Assessment**: Tiered approval logic based on credit scores
 - **Blacklist Management**: Customer screening and rejection system
 - **Docker Support**: Fully containerized with one-command deployment
-- **Comprehensive Testing**: Python test clients for all services
+- **Unit Testing**: JUnit 5 tests with JaCoCo code coverage
+- **Integration Testing**: Python test clients for all services
 - **Production-Ready**: Singleton patterns, prepared statements, error handling
 
 ---
@@ -46,6 +67,75 @@ This project demonstrates a production-ready JAX-WS web service implementation u
 
 ### Quick Start
 
+#### Three Docker Compose Configurations
+
+This project provides three Docker Compose files for different purposes:
+
+| Purpose | File | Command | Output Location |
+|---------|------|---------|----------------|
+| **🚀 Start Server** | `docker-compose.yml` | `docker-compose up -d` | http://localhost:8080 |
+| **✅ Run Tests** | `docker-compose.test.yml` | `docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build` | `./target/surefire-reports/` |
+| **📊 Coverage Report** | `docker-compose.coverage.yml` | `docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build` | `./target/site/jacoco/index.html` |
+
+**Visual Workflow:**
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                      Development Workflow                        │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+
+    1. Write Code
+         │
+         ▼
+    ┌─────────────────────────┐
+    │ Run Unit Tests          │  ──►  docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+    │ (docker-compose.test)   │
+    └──────────┬──────────────┘
+               │ Tests Pass ✓
+               ▼
+    ┌─────────────────────────┐
+    │ Generate Coverage       │  ──►  docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+    │ (docker-compose.coverage│
+    └──────────┬──────────────┘       Open: ./target/site/jacoco/index.html
+               │ Coverage OK ✓
+               ▼
+    ┌─────────────────────────┐
+    │ Deploy Application      │  ──►  docker-compose up -d
+    │ (docker-compose.yml)    │
+    └──────────┬──────────────┘       Access: http://localhost:8080
+               │
+               ▼
+         Production Ready!
+```
+
+**Quick Commands:**
+```bash
+# Run all tests
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build && docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+
+# Generate coverage report
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build && docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+
+# Start application server
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+**Or use convenience scripts:**
+```cmd
+REM Windows
+run-tests.bat
+run-coverage.bat
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+```bash
+# Linux/Mac
+./run-tests.sh
+./run-coverage.sh
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+---
+
 #### 1. Start the Application
 
 ```bash
@@ -88,6 +178,190 @@ docker-compose logs jaxws-service
 docker-compose down
 ```
 
+---
+
+### Docker Compose Patterns
+
+This project includes three Docker Compose configurations for different purposes.
+
+> **📖 For detailed patterns, workflows, and troubleshooting, see [DOCKER_COMPOSE_GUIDE.md](DOCKER_COMPOSE_GUIDE.md)**
+
+#### Pattern 1: Start Application Server
+
+**File**: `docker-compose.yml`
+**Purpose**: Deploy and run the JAX-WS application on Tomcat
+
+```bash
+# Start the server in detached mode
+docker-compose up -d
+
+# Start with build (after code changes)
+docker-compose up -d --build
+
+# View logs in real-time
+docker-compose logs -f
+
+# Stop the server
+docker-compose down
+```
+
+**What happens:**
+1. Runs unit tests (Stage 1: tester)
+2. Builds WAR file (Stage 2: builder)
+3. Deploys to Tomcat (Stage 3)
+4. Exposes port 8080
+5. Creates/persists SQLite database
+
+**Access points:**
+- Hello World Service: http://localhost:8080/jaxws-hello-world/hello?wsdl
+- Loan Service: http://localhost:8080/jaxws-hello-world/loan?wsdl
+- Tomcat Manager: http://localhost:8080/manager (admin/admin123)
+
+---
+
+#### Pattern 2: Run Unit Tests
+
+**File**: `docker-compose.test.yml`
+**Purpose**: Execute JUnit tests and export results to `./target`
+
+```bash
+# Run tests
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+
+# Run tests in background
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up -d
+
+# View test output
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml logs
+
+# Clean up
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+```
+
+**What happens:**
+1. Builds test environment (tester stage)
+2. Runs `mvn test`
+3. Executes all *Test.java files
+4. Exports test reports to `./target/surefire-reports/`
+5. Exports coverage data to `./target/jacoco.exec`
+
+**Test results location:**
+- Console output: Test summary with pass/fail counts
+- Reports: `./target/surefire-reports/` (text and XML)
+
+**Example output:**
+```
+Tests run: 10, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+BUILD SUCCESS
+```
+
+---
+
+#### Pattern 3: Generate Code Coverage Report
+
+**File**: `docker-compose.coverage.yml`
+**Purpose**: Run tests and generate JaCoCo coverage reports in `./target/site/jacoco/`
+
+```bash
+# Generate coverage reports
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+
+# Generate coverage in background
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up -d
+
+# View coverage generation logs
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml logs
+
+# Clean up
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+```
+
+**What happens:**
+1. Builds test environment
+2. Runs `mvn test` with JaCoCo agent
+3. Generates coverage reports in multiple formats
+4. Exports to `./target/site/jacoco/`
+
+**Coverage reports location:**
+- **HTML Report**: `./target/site/jacoco/index.html` ← **Open this in browser**
+- **XML Report**: `./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml` (for CI/CD)
+- **CSV Report**: `./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.csv` (for spreadsheets)
+
+**Example output:**
+```
+=================================================================================
+Coverage report generated successfully!
+=================================================================================
+HTML Report: ./target/site/jacoco/index.html
+XML Report:  ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml
+CSV Report:  ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.csv
+=================================================================================
+```
+
+---
+
+### Complete Workflow Example
+
+Here's a typical development workflow using all three patterns:
+
+```bash
+# 1. Run tests to ensure code works
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+
+# 2. Generate coverage report to check test quality
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+
+# 3. View coverage report
+# Open target/site/jacoco/index.html in browser
+
+# 4. Deploy application if tests pass
+docker-compose up -d --build
+
+# 5. Verify deployment
+curl http://localhost:8080/jaxws-hello-world/hello?wsdl
+
+# 6. View application logs
+docker-compose logs -f
+
+# 7. Stop when done
+docker-compose down
+```
+
+---
+
+### Quick Reference Scripts
+
+For convenience, use the provided scripts instead of typing full commands:
+
+| Task | Windows | Linux/Mac | Docker Compose Equivalent |
+|------|---------|-----------|--------------------------|
+| Run Tests | `run-tests.bat` | `./run-tests.sh` | `docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build` |
+| Generate Coverage | `run-coverage.bat` | `./run-coverage.sh` | `docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build` |
+| Start Server | N/A | N/A | `docker-compose up -d` |
+
+**Example:**
+```cmd
+REM Windows
+run-tests.bat
+run-coverage.bat
+
+REM Then start server
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+```bash
+# Linux/Mac
+./run-tests.sh
+./run-coverage.sh
+
+# Then start server
+docker-compose up -d
+```
+
+---
+
 ### Rebuild After Code Changes
 
 When you modify the source code, rebuild and restart:
@@ -103,15 +377,33 @@ docker-compose up -d
 
 ### Docker Commands Reference
 
+#### Application Server Commands
+
 | Command | Description |
 |---------|-------------|
-| `docker-compose up -d` | Start services in detached mode |
+| `docker-compose up -d` | Start application server in detached mode |
-| `docker-compose up -d --build` | Rebuild and start services |
+| `docker-compose up -d --build` | Rebuild and start application server |
-| `docker-compose down` | Stop and remove containers |
+| `docker-compose down` | Stop and remove application containers |
-| `docker-compose logs -f` | Follow logs output |
+| `docker-compose logs -f` | Follow application logs in real-time |
 | `docker-compose ps` | List running containers |
-| `docker-compose restart` | Restart services |
+| `docker-compose restart` | Restart application services |
-| `docker-compose exec jaxws-service bash` | Access container shell |
+| `docker-compose exec jaxws-service bash` | Access application container shell |
+
+#### Test Commands
+
+| Command | Description |
+|---------|-------------|
+| `docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build` | Run unit tests |
+| `docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml logs` | View test output |
+| `docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down` | Clean up test containers |
+
+#### Coverage Commands
+
+| Command | Description |
+|---------|-------------|
+| `docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build` | Generate coverage reports |
+| `docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml logs` | View coverage generation logs |
+| `docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down` | Clean up coverage containers |
 
 ### Accessing the Database
 
@@ -145,38 +437,45 @@ The `docker-compose.yml` includes these configurations:
 jaxws-hello-world/
 │
 ├── src/
-│   └── main/
+│   ├── main/
-│       ├── java/
+│   │   ├── java/
-│       │   └── com/
+│   │   │   └── com/
-│       │       └── example/
+│   │   │       └── example/
-│       │           ├── listener/
+│   │   │           ├── listener/
-│       │           │   └── DatabaseInitializationListener.java    # Application startup initialization
+│   │   │           │   └── DatabaseInitializationListener.java    # Application startup initialization
+│   │   │           │
+│   │   │           ├── model/                                    # Data models (POJOs)
+│   │   │           │   ├── CustomerRegistrationRequest.java      # Customer registration request
+│   │   │           │   ├── LoanRequest.java                      # Loan application request
+│   │   │           │   └── LoanResponse.java                     # Loan application response
+│   │   │           │
+│   │   │           ├── repository/                               # Data access layer
+│   │   │           │   ├── CustomerRepository.java               # Customer DAO interface
+│   │   │           │   ├── LoanHistoryRepository.java           # Loan history DAO interface
+│   │   │           │   └── impl/
+│   │   │           │       ├── CustomerRepositoryImpl.java       # Customer DAO implementation
+│   │   │           │       └── LoanHistoryRepositoryImpl.java   # Loan history DAO implementation
+│   │   │           │
+│   │   │           ├── service/                                  # Web service layer
+│   │   │           │   ├── HelloWorldService.java               # Hello World interface
+│   │   │           │   ├── HelloWorldServiceImpl.java           # Hello World implementation
+│   │   │           │   ├── LoanApprovalService.java             # Loan service (interface + impl)
+│   │   │           │   └── CreditScoreService.java              # Credit score evaluation
+│   │   │           │
+│   │   │           └── util/
+│   │   │               └── DatabaseManager.java                  # Singleton DB connection manager
 │   │   │
-│       │           ├── model/                                    # Data models (POJOs)
+│   │   └── webapp/
-│       │           │   ├── CustomerRegistrationRequest.java      # Customer registration request
+│   │       └── WEB-INF/
-│       │           │   ├── LoanRequest.java                      # Loan application request
+│   │           ├── web.xml                                       # Web application descriptor
-│       │           │   └── LoanResponse.java                     # Loan application response
+│   │           └── sun-jaxws.xml                                 # JAX-WS endpoint configuration
-│       │           │
-│       │           ├── repository/                               # Data access layer
-│       │           │   ├── CustomerRepository.java               # Customer DAO interface
-│       │           │   ├── LoanHistoryRepository.java           # Loan history DAO interface
-│       │           │   └── impl/
-│       │           │       ├── CustomerRepositoryImpl.java       # Customer DAO implementation
-│       │           │       └── LoanHistoryRepositoryImpl.java   # Loan history DAO implementation
-│       │           │
-│       │           ├── service/                                  # Web service layer
-│       │           │   ├── HelloWorldService.java               # Hello World interface
-│       │           │   ├── HelloWorldServiceImpl.java           # Hello World implementation
-│       │           │   ├── LoanApprovalService.java             # Loan service (interface + impl)
-│       │           │   └── CreditScoreService.java              # Credit score evaluation
-│       │           │
-│       │           └── util/
-│       │               └── DatabaseManager.java                  # Singleton DB connection manager
 │   │
-│       └── webapp/
+│   └── test/
-│           └── WEB-INF/
+│       └── java/
-│               ├── web.xml                                       # Web application descriptor
+│           └── com/
-│               └── sun-jaxws.xml                                 # JAX-WS endpoint configuration
+│               └── example/
+│                   └── service/
+│                       └── HelloWorldServiceImplTest.java        # Unit tests for Hello World service
 │
 ├── scripts/                                                      # Python test clients
 │   ├── test_all_services.py                                    # Comprehensive test suite
@@ -186,13 +485,27 @@ jaxws-hello-world/
 │   └── README.md                                               # Test scripts documentation
 │
 ├── logs/                                                         # Tomcat logs (Docker volume)
+├── target/                                                       # Build output (generated)
+│   ├── site/jacoco/                                            # Code coverage reports
+│   │   ├── index.html                                         # HTML coverage report
+│   │   ├── jacoco.xml                                         # XML coverage report
+│   │   └── jacoco.csv                                         # CSV coverage report
+│   └── surefire-reports/                                       # Test execution reports
 │
 ├── pom.xml                                                       # Maven project configuration
 ├── docker-compose.yml                                            # Docker Compose orchestration
+├── docker-compose.test.yml                                       # Docker Compose for unit tests
+├── docker-compose.coverage.yml                                   # Docker Compose for coverage
 ├── Dockerfile                                                    # Multi-stage Docker build
+├── Dockerfile.coverage.simple                                    # Dockerfile for coverage
 ├── tomcat-users.xml                                             # Tomcat manager users
 ├── loan_app.db                                                  # SQLite database (created on first run)
+├── run-tests.bat                                                # Windows test runner script
+├── run-tests.sh                                                 # Linux/Mac test runner script
+├── run-coverage.bat                                             # Windows coverage script
+├── run-coverage.sh                                              # Linux/Mac coverage script
 ├── README.md                                                    # This file
+├── DOCKER_COMPOSE_GUIDE.md                                      # Docker Compose patterns reference
 ├── apidoc.md                                                    # Complete API documentation
 ├── requirements.md                                              # Project requirements specification
 ├── .dockerignore                                               # Docker build exclusions
@@ -777,6 +1090,197 @@ See [scripts/README.md](scripts/README.md)
 
 ---
 
+## Unit Tests and Code Coverage
+
+### Overview
+
+This project includes comprehensive unit testing with JUnit 5 and code coverage analysis with JaCoCo. All test results and coverage reports are automatically exported to the `./target` directory for easy access.
+
+### Quick Start
+
+#### Run Unit Tests
+
+**Windows:**
+```cmd
+run-tests.bat
+```
+
+**Linux/Mac:**
+```bash
+./run-tests.sh
+```
+
+**Docker Compose:**
+```bash
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
+```
+
+#### Generate Code Coverage Reports
+
+**Windows:**
+```cmd
+run-coverage.bat
+```
+
+**Linux/Mac:**
+```bash
+./run-coverage.sh
+```
+
+**Docker Compose:**
+```bash
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+```
+
+### Coverage Reports
+
+All coverage reports are generated in `./target/site/jacoco/`:
+
+- **HTML Report**: `target/site/jacoco/index.html` (open in browser)
+- **XML Report**: `target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml` (for CI/CD tools)
+- **CSV Report**: `target/site/jacoco/jacoco.csv` (for spreadsheets)
+
+### Test Framework
+
+The project uses:
+
+- **JUnit 5 (Jupiter)** - Modern testing framework with annotations
+- **Mockito** - Mocking framework for complex test scenarios
+- **JaCoCo** - Code coverage analysis and reporting
+- **Maven Surefire** - Test execution plugin
+
+### Current Test Coverage
+
+| Service | Test Class | Test Cases | Status |
+|---------|-----------|------------|--------|
+| Hello World Service | HelloWorldServiceImplTest | 10 | ✅ Passing |
+
+### Understanding Coverage Reports
+
+**Coverage Metrics:**
+- **Line Coverage**: Percentage of executable lines tested
+- **Branch Coverage**: Percentage of decision points (if/else) tested
+- **Method Coverage**: Percentage of methods invoked during tests
+- **Class Coverage**: Percentage of classes with at least one test
+
+**Coverage Goals:**
+- Line Coverage: > 80%
+- Branch Coverage: > 70%
+- Method Coverage: > 85%
+
+### Running Tests with Maven (Local)
+
+If you have Maven installed locally:
+
+```bash
+# Run tests only
+mvn test
+
+# Run tests with coverage
+mvn clean test
+
+# View coverage report
+# Open target/site/jacoco/index.html in your browser
+```
+
+### CI/CD Integration
+
+#### GitHub Actions Example
+
+```yaml
+- name: Run tests with coverage
+  run: mvn clean test
+
+- name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+  uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+  with:
+    files: ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml
+```
+
+#### Jenkins Example
+
+```groovy
+stage('Test') {
+    steps {
+        sh 'mvn clean test'
+        jacoco(
+            execPattern: 'target/jacoco.exec',
+            classPattern: 'target/classes',
+            sourcePattern: 'src/main/java'
+        )
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Writing New Tests
+
+Create test classes in `src/test/java/` following this pattern:
+
+```java
+package com.example.service;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+@DisplayName("Your Service Tests")
+class YourServiceTest {
+
+    private YourService service;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        service = new YourServiceImpl();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should do something")
+    void testSomething() {
+        // Arrange
+        String input = "test";
+        String expected = "result";
+
+        // Act
+        String result = service.doSomething(input);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertEquals(expected, result);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Troubleshooting
+
+#### Tests Not Running
+
+```bash
+# Ensure test files end with Test.java
+# Verify directory: src/test/java/
+# Check pom.xml includes maven-surefire-plugin
+```
+
+#### Coverage Reports Not Generated
+
+```bash
+# Ensure JaCoCo plugin is in pom.xml
+mvn clean test
+
+# Or use Docker
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+```
+
+#### Permission Issues (Linux/Mac)
+
+```bash
+chmod +x run-tests.sh
+chmod +x run-coverage.sh
+```
+
+---
+
 ## Service Endpoints
 
 Once running, the following endpoints are available:

TEST_GUIDE.md

@@ -1,346 +0,0 @@
-# Unit Testing Guide
-
-This guide explains how to run and write unit tests for the JAX-WS Hello World Service project.
-
-## Quick Start
-
-### Run Tests with Docker (Recommended)
-
-#### Windows
-```cmd
-run-tests.bat
-```
-
-#### Linux/Mac
-```bash
-./run-tests.sh
-```
-
-### Run Tests with Maven (Local)
-
-If you have Maven installed locally:
-
-```bash
-mvn test
-```
-
-## Test Results Summary
-
-### Current Test Coverage
-
-| Service | Test Class | Test Cases | Status |
-|---------|-----------|------------|--------|
-| Hello World Service | HelloWorldServiceImplTest | 10 | ✅ Passing |
-
-### Test Case Details
-
-The `HelloWorldServiceImplTest` includes the following test cases:
-
-1. **testGetHelloWorld_WithValidName** - Verifies greeting with valid name
-2. **testGetHelloWorld_WithEmptyString** - Handles empty string input
-3. **testGetHelloWorld_WithNull** - Handles null input gracefully
-4. **testGetHelloWorld_WithSpecialCharacters** - Handles special characters
-5. **testGetHelloWorld_WithSpaces** - Handles names with spaces
-6. **testGetHelloWorld_WithLongName** - Handles long names
-7. **testGetHelloWorld_ReturnsNonNull** - Ensures non-null response
-8. **testGetHelloWorld_StartsWithHelloWorld** - Verifies message format
-9. **testGetHelloWorld_EndsWithExclamation** - Verifies message ending
-10. **testGetHelloWorld_ContainsName** - Verifies name inclusion
-
-## Docker Test Configuration
-
-### Test Architecture
-
-The project uses a multi-stage Dockerfile:
-
-- **Stage 1 (tester)**: Runs unit tests
-- **Stage 2 (builder)**: Builds the WAR file
-- **Stage 3**: Deploys to Tomcat
-
-### Test Docker Compose
-
-The `docker-compose.test.yml` file is configured to:
-- Target the `tester` stage of the Dockerfile
-- Mount source code for live testing
-- Cache Maven dependencies for faster subsequent runs
-- Set appropriate memory limits
-
-### Run Tests Manually
-
-```bash
-# Build and run tests
-docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --build
-
-# Clean up after tests
-docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml down
-```
-
-## Testing Framework
-
-### Dependencies
-
-The project uses:
-
-- **JUnit 5 (Jupiter)** - Testing framework
-  - `junit-jupiter-api:5.9.3` - Test annotations and assertions
-  - `junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.3` - Test execution engine
-
-- **Mockito** - Mocking framework (for future complex tests)
-  - `mockito-core:5.3.1` - Core mocking functionality
-  - `mockito-junit-jupiter:5.3.1` - JUnit 5 integration
-
-- **Maven Surefire** - Test runner plugin
-  - Configured to run all `*Test.java` files
-
-## Writing New Tests
-
-### Test Structure
-
-Tests follow the standard JUnit 5 structure:
-
-```java
-package com.example.service;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
-
-@DisplayName("Service Tests")
-class YourServiceTest {
-
-    private YourService service;
-
-    @BeforeEach
-    void setUp() {
-        service = new YourServiceImpl();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @DisplayName("Should do something")
-    void testSomething() {
-        // Arrange
-        String input = "test";
-        String expected = "expected result";
-
-        // Act
-        String result = service.doSomething(input);
-
-        // Assert
-        assertEquals(expected, result);
-    }
-}
-```
-
-### Test Best Practices
-
-1. **Use Descriptive Names**: Use `@DisplayName` for readable test descriptions
-2. **Follow AAA Pattern**: Arrange, Act, Assert
-3. **Test Edge Cases**: Include null, empty, and boundary conditions
-4. **Keep Tests Isolated**: Each test should be independent
-5. **Test One Thing**: Each test should verify one specific behavior
-
-### Adding Tests for New Services
-
-To add tests for other services (e.g., LoanApprovalService):
-
-1. Create test class in `src/test/java/com/example/service/`
-2. Follow the naming convention: `{ServiceName}Test.java`
-3. Run tests to verify
-
-Example structure for LoanApprovalService tests:
-
-```java
-package com.example.service;
-
-import com.example.model.*;
-import com.example.repository.*;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
-import org.mockito.*;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
-
-@DisplayName("LoanApprovalService Tests")
-class LoanApprovalServiceTest {
-
-    @Mock
-    private CustomerRepository customerRepository;
-
-    @Mock
-    private CreditScoreService creditScoreService;
-
-    private LoanApprovalService service;
-
-    @BeforeEach
-    void setUp() {
-        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
-        service = new LoanApprovalService();
-        // Inject mocks if needed
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    @DisplayName("Should approve loan for high credit score")
-    void testLoanApproval_HighCreditScore() {
-        // Test implementation
-    }
-}
-```
-
-## Test Directory Structure
-
-```
-src/
-├── main/
-│   └── java/
-│       └── com/
-│           └── example/
-│               └── service/
-│                   ├── HelloWorldService.java
-│                   └── HelloWorldServiceImpl.java
-└── test/
-    └── java/
-        └── com/
-            └── example/
-                └── service/
-                    └── HelloWorldServiceImplTest.java
-```
-
-## Continuous Integration
-
-### Running Tests in CI/CD
-
-The Dockerfile includes testing as the first stage, which means:
-
-- Tests run automatically during Docker build
-- Build fails if tests fail
-- Ensures code quality before deployment
-
-To run tests in CI/CD pipelines:
-
-```bash
-# Option 1: Run full build (includes tests)
-docker build -t jaxws-app .
-
-# Option 2: Run tests only
-docker build --target tester -t jaxws-test .
-
-# Option 3: Use docker-compose
-docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml up --abort-on-container-exit
-```
-
-## Viewing Test Reports
-
-### Console Output
-
-Test results are displayed in the console with summary:
-
-```
--------------------------------------------------------
- T E S T S
--------------------------------------------------------
-Running com.example.service.HelloWorldServiceImplTest
-Tests run: 10, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.024 s
-
-Results:
-
-Tests run: 10, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
-
-BUILD SUCCESS
-```
-
-### Surefire Reports
-
-Maven Surefire generates detailed reports in:
-- `target/surefire-reports/` (text and XML formats)
-
-## Troubleshooting
-
-### Tests Not Running
-
-**Problem**: Maven doesn't find tests
-
-**Solution**:
-- Ensure test files end with `Test.java`
-- Verify test directory structure: `src/test/java/`
-- Check pom.xml includes maven-surefire-plugin
-
-### Docker Build Fails on Tests
-
-**Problem**: Docker build fails at test stage
-
-**Solution**:
-```bash
-# View detailed test output
-docker build --target tester -t jaxws-test .
-
-# Check test container logs
-docker logs <container-id>
-```
-
-### Dependency Issues
-
-**Problem**: Cannot resolve JUnit dependencies
-
-**Solution**:
-```bash
-# Clear Maven cache and rebuild
-docker-compose -f docker-compose.test.yml build --no-cache
-```
-
-### Permission Denied on run-tests.sh
-
-**Problem**: Cannot execute run-tests.sh on Linux/Mac
-
-**Solution**:
-```bash
-chmod +x run-tests.sh
-./run-tests.sh
-```
-
-## Future Enhancements
-
-Consider adding tests for:
-
-1. **LoanApprovalService**
-   - Customer registration workflows
-   - Loan approval logic
-   - Credit score evaluation
-   - Blacklist handling
-
-2. **Repository Layer**
-   - Database operations
-   - CRUD functionality
-   - Error handling
-
-3. **Integration Tests**
-   - End-to-end SOAP request/response
-   - Database integration
-   - Multi-service workflows
-
-4. **Performance Tests**
-   - Load testing
-   - Stress testing
-   - Response time validation
-
-## Resources
-
-- [JUnit 5 User Guide](https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/)
-- [Mockito Documentation](https://javadoc.io/doc/org.mockito/mockito-core/latest/org/mockito/Mockito.html)
-- [Maven Surefire Plugin](https://maven.apache.org/surefire/maven-surefire-plugin/)
-- [Test-Driven Development Best Practices](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/TestDrivenDevelopment.html)
-
-## Summary
-
-This project now has a complete unit testing setup with:
-
-- ✅ JUnit 5 testing framework
-- ✅ 10 passing test cases for HelloWorldService
-- ✅ Docker-based test execution
-- ✅ Convenient test runner scripts
-- ✅ Multi-stage Dockerfile with test stage
-- ✅ Maven Surefire configuration
-- ✅ Mockito for future mocking needs
-
-To add more tests, simply create new test classes following the established patterns and run them using the provided scripts.

docker-compose.coverage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+version: '3.8'
+
+services:
+  coverage:
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile.coverage.simple
+    image: jaxws-coverage:latest
+    container_name: jaxws-coverage-report
+    volumes:
+      # Mount source code
+      - ./src:/app/src:ro
+      - ./pom.xml:/app/pom.xml:ro
+      # Mount target directory to export coverage reports to host
+      - ./target:/app/target
+      # Mount Maven cache to speed up builds
+      - maven-cache:/root/.m2
+    environment:
+      - MAVEN_OPTS=-Xmx512m
+    command: >
+      sh -c "mvn test &&
+             echo '=================================================================================' &&
+             echo 'Coverage report generated successfully!' &&
+             echo '=================================================================================' &&
+             echo 'HTML Report: ./target/site/jacoco/index.html' &&
+             echo 'XML Report:  ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml' &&
+             echo 'CSV Report:  ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.csv' &&
+             echo '================================================================================'"
+
+volumes:
+  maven-cache:
+    driver: local

docker-compose.test.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ services:
       # Mount source for live testing during development
       - ./src:/app/src:ro
       - ./pom.xml:/app/pom.xml:ro
+      # Mount target directory to access test reports and coverage on host
+      - ./target:/app/target
       # Mount Maven cache to speed up subsequent test runs
       - maven-cache:/root/.m2
     command: mvn test

pom.xml

@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
             <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-            <version>5.3.1</version>
+            <version>3.12.4</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
             <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
-            <version>5.3.1</version>
+            <version>3.12.4</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>
@@ -108,6 +108,27 @@
                     </includes>
                 </configuration>
             </plugin>
+            <!-- JaCoCo Plugin for code coverage -->
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
+                <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>0.8.11</version>
+                <executions>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>pre-test</id>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                    <execution>
+                        <id>post-test</id>
+                        <phase>test</phase>
+                        <goals>
+                            <goal>report</goal>
+                        </goals>
+                    </execution>
+                </executions>
+            </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>
 </project>

run-coverage.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+@echo off
+REM Script to generate code coverage reports using Docker
+
+echo ================================================================================
+echo Generating Code Coverage Reports
+echo ================================================================================
+echo.
+
+REM Clean previous reports
+if exist target\site\jacoco (
+    echo Cleaning previous coverage reports...
+    rmdir /s /q target\site\jacoco
+    echo.
+)
+
+REM Run tests with coverage
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+
+echo.
+echo ================================================================================
+echo Coverage Report Generated
+echo ================================================================================
+echo.
+echo HTML Report: target\site\jacoco\index.html
+echo XML Report:  target\site\jacoco\jacoco.xml
+echo CSV Report:  target\site\jacoco\jacoco.csv
+echo.
+echo Open the HTML report in your browser to view coverage details.
+echo.
+
+REM Clean up the coverage container
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+
+REM Ask user if they want to open the report
+set /p OPEN_REPORT="Would you like to open the coverage report now? (y/n): "
+if /i "%OPEN_REPORT%"=="y" (
+    if exist target\site\jacoco\index.html (
+        start target\site\jacoco\index.html
+    ) else (
+        echo Error: Coverage report not found!
+    )
+)
+
+pause

run-coverage.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Script to generate code coverage reports using Docker
+
+echo "================================================================================"
+echo "Generating Code Coverage Reports"
+echo "================================================================================"
+echo ""
+
+# Clean previous reports
+if [ -d "target/site/jacoco" ]; then
+    echo "Cleaning previous coverage reports..."
+    rm -rf target/site/jacoco
+    echo ""
+fi
+
+# Run tests with coverage
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml up --build
+
+echo ""
+echo "================================================================================"
+echo "Coverage Report Generated"
+echo "================================================================================"
+echo ""
+echo "HTML Report: target/site/jacoco/index.html"
+echo "XML Report:  target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml"
+echo "CSV Report:  target/site/jacoco/jacoco.csv"
+echo ""
+echo "Open the HTML report in your browser to view coverage details."
+echo ""
+
+# Clean up the coverage container
+docker-compose -f docker-compose.coverage.yml down
+
+# Ask user if they want to open the report (for systems with xdg-open)
+read -p "Would you like to open the coverage report now? (y/n): " OPEN_REPORT
+if [ "$OPEN_REPORT" = "y" ] || [ "$OPEN_REPORT" = "Y" ]; then
+    if [ -f "target/site/jacoco/index.html" ]; then
+        # Try to open with default browser
+        if command -v xdg-open > /dev/null; then
+            xdg-open target/site/jacoco/index.html
+        elif command -v open > /dev/null; then
+            open target/site/jacoco/index.html
+        else
+            echo "Please open target/site/jacoco/index.html manually in your browser."
+        fi
+    else
+        echo "Error: Coverage report not found!"
+    fi
+fi

scripts/run_coverage.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+echo "Running tests with code coverage..."
+mvn clean test
+echo "Coverage report generated in target/site/jacoco/"

src/test/java/com/example/listener/DatabaseInitializationListenerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+package com.example.listener;
+
+import com.example.util.DatabaseManager;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for DatabaseInitializationListener
+ */
+@DisplayName("DatabaseInitializationListener Tests")
+class DatabaseInitializationListenerTest {
+
+    private DatabaseInitializationListener listener;
+    private ServletContextEvent mockEvent;
+    private DatabaseManager dbManager;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        listener = new DatabaseInitializationListener();
+        mockEvent = mock(ServletContextEvent.class);
+        dbManager = DatabaseManager.getInstance();
+        // Reset database before each test
+        dbManager.resetDatabase();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should initialize database on context initialization")
+    void testContextInitialized() throws SQLException {
+        // Call the listener
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent));
+
+        // Verify database was initialized
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='customers'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next(), "Customers table should exist after initialization");
+        }
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='loan_history'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next(), "Loan history table should exist after initialization");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should not throw exception on successful initialization")
+    void testSuccessfulInitialization() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle context destroyed event")
+    void testContextDestroyed() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should initialize database even if already initialized")
+    void testReinitializeDatabase() throws SQLException {
+        // First initialization
+        listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+
+        // Add some data
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+            stmt.execute("INSERT INTO customers (customer_name, is_blacklisted, registered_at) " +
+                        "VALUES ('Test User', 0, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+        }
+
+        // Second initialization should not fail
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent));
+
+        // Data should still exist (tables are IF NOT EXISTS)
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM customers")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt("count"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should test database connection before initialization")
+    void testConnectionTestBeforeInitialization() {
+        // The listener tests connection first
+        listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+
+        // Verify database is accessible
+        assertTrue(dbManager.testConnection());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle multiple context initialization calls")
+    void testMultipleContextInitializations() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+            listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+            listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+            listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle multiple context destroyed calls")
+    void testMultipleContextDestroyedCalls() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+            listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent);
+            listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent);
+            listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should initialize and destroy in sequence")
+    void testInitializeAndDestroySequence() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+            listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+            listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent);
+            listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+            listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should verify ServletContextEvent is used")
+    void testServletContextEventUsage() {
+        ServletContextEvent event = mock(ServletContextEvent.class);
+
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+            listener.contextInitialized(event);
+            listener.contextDestroyed(event);
+        });
+
+        // Verify the event object is passed (though not used in implementation)
+        assertNotNull(event);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle null ServletContextEvent gracefully in contextDestroyed")
+    void testNullEventInContextDestroyed() {
+        // contextDestroyed doesn't use the event, so null should be fine
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> listener.contextDestroyed(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should initialize database tables with correct schema")
+    void testDatabaseSchemaAfterInitialization() throws SQLException {
+        listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+
+        // Test customers table schema
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+
+            stmt.execute("INSERT INTO customers (customer_name, is_blacklisted, registered_at) " +
+                        "VALUES ('Schema Test', 1, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+
+            try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customer_name = 'Schema Test'")) {
+                assertTrue(rs.next());
+                assertEquals("Schema Test", rs.getString("customer_name"));
+                assertEquals(1, rs.getInt("is_blacklisted"));
+                assertEquals("2025-01-01 10:00:00", rs.getString("registered_at"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Test loan_history table schema
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+
+            stmt.execute("INSERT INTO loan_history " +
+                        "(applicant_name, requested_amount, approved, approved_rate, rejection_reason, processed_at) " +
+                        "VALUES ('Schema Test', 50000, 1, 5.5, NULL, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+
+            try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Schema Test'")) {
+                assertTrue(rs.next());
+                assertEquals("Schema Test", rs.getString("applicant_name"));
+                assertEquals(50000, rs.getInt("requested_amount"));
+                assertEquals(1, rs.getInt("approved"));
+                assertEquals(5.5, rs.getDouble("approved_rate"), 0.001);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should complete initialization within reasonable time")
+    void testInitializationPerformance() {
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+        listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+
+        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long duration = endTime - startTime;
+
+        assertTrue(duration < 5000, "Initialization should complete within 5 seconds, took: " + duration + "ms");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle rapid initialization and destruction")
+    void testRapidInitAndDestroy() {
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+                listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+                listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should maintain database state across listener calls")
+    void testDatabaseStatePersistence() throws SQLException {
+        listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+
+        // Add data
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+            stmt.execute("INSERT INTO customers (customer_name, is_blacklisted, registered_at) " +
+                        "VALUES ('Persistent User', 0, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+        }
+
+        listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent);
+        listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+
+        // Verify data persists
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customer_name = 'Persistent User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next(), "Data should persist across listener lifecycle");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create new listener instance successfully")
+    void testListenerInstantiation() {
+        DatabaseInitializationListener newListener = new DatabaseInitializationListener();
+
+        assertNotNull(newListener);
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> newListener.contextInitialized(mockEvent));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle concurrent context initialization")
+    void testConcurrentInitialization() throws InterruptedException {
+        int threadCount = 5;
+        Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadCount];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
+            threads[i] = new Thread(() -> {
+                assertDoesNotThrow(() -> listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent));
+            });
+            threads[i].start();
+        }
+
+        for (Thread thread : threads) {
+            thread.join();
+        }
+
+        // Verify database is still in good state
+        assertTrue(dbManager.testConnection());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should verify database connection is working after initialization")
+    void testDatabaseConnectionAfterInit() {
+        listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+
+        assertTrue(dbManager.testConnection(), "Database connection should be working after initialization");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should initialize database with empty tables")
+    void testEmptyTablesAfterInitialization() throws SQLException {
+        listener.contextInitialized(mockEvent);
+
+        // Verify customers table is empty
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM customers")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getInt("count"), "Customers table should be empty after initialization");
+        }
+
+        // Verify loan_history table is empty
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM loan_history")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getInt("count"), "Loan history table should be empty after initialization");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should not throw exception when destroying uninitialized context")
+    void testDestroyUninitializedContext() {
+        // Call destroy without init
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> listener.contextDestroyed(mockEvent));
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/example/model/CustomerRegistrationRequestTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package com.example.model;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for CustomerRegistrationRequest model class
+ */
+@DisplayName("CustomerRegistrationRequest Model Tests")
+class CustomerRegistrationRequestTest {
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create CustomerRegistrationRequest with default constructor")
+    void testDefaultConstructor() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest();
+
+        assertNotNull(request);
+        assertNull(request.getCustomerName());
+        assertFalse(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create CustomerRegistrationRequest with parameterized constructor")
+    void testParameterizedConstructor() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("John Doe", true);
+
+        assertEquals("John Doe", request.getCustomerName());
+        assertTrue(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get customerName")
+    void testSetAndGetCustomerName() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest();
+        request.setCustomerName("Jane Smith");
+
+        assertEquals("Jane Smith", request.getCustomerName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get blacklisted status")
+    void testSetAndGetBlacklisted() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest();
+        request.setBlacklisted(true);
+
+        assertTrue(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle null customerName")
+    void testNullCustomerName() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest(null, false);
+
+        assertNull(request.getCustomerName());
+        assertFalse(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle empty string customerName")
+    void testEmptyCustomerName() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("", true);
+
+        assertEquals("", request.getCustomerName());
+        assertTrue(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create non-blacklisted customer by default")
+    void testNonBlacklistedByDefault() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("Test User", false);
+
+        assertFalse(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create blacklisted customer")
+    void testBlacklistedCustomer() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("Blacklisted User", true);
+
+        assertTrue(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should generate correct toString output")
+    void testToString() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("Alice Brown", true);
+        String result = request.toString();
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertTrue(result.contains("CustomerRegistrationRequest{"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("customerName='Alice Brown'"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("blacklisted=true"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should generate toString with null customerName")
+    void testToStringWithNull() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest(null, false);
+        String result = request.toString();
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertTrue(result.contains("customerName='null'") || result.contains("customerName=null"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("blacklisted=false"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle special characters in customerName")
+    void testSpecialCharactersInCustomerName() {
+        String specialName = "José O'Reilly-Smith";
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest(specialName, false);
+
+        assertEquals(specialName, request.getCustomerName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should update values multiple times")
+    void testMultipleUpdates() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("Initial Name", false);
+
+        request.setCustomerName("Updated Name");
+        request.setBlacklisted(true);
+
+        assertEquals("Updated Name", request.getCustomerName());
+        assertTrue(request.isBlacklisted());
+
+        request.setCustomerName("Final Name");
+        request.setBlacklisted(false);
+
+        assertEquals("Final Name", request.getCustomerName());
+        assertFalse(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should toggle blacklisted status")
+    void testToggleBlacklistedStatus() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("Toggle User", false);
+
+        assertFalse(request.isBlacklisted());
+
+        request.setBlacklisted(true);
+        assertTrue(request.isBlacklisted());
+
+        request.setBlacklisted(false);
+        assertFalse(request.isBlacklisted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle very long customerName")
+    void testLongCustomerName() {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+            builder.append("A");
+        }
+        String longName = builder.toString();
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest(longName, true);
+
+        assertEquals(longName, request.getCustomerName());
+        assertEquals(1000, request.getCustomerName().length());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle whitespace in customerName")
+    void testWhitespaceInCustomerName() {
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request1 = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("  ", false);
+        assertEquals("  ", request1.getCustomerName());
+
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request2 = new CustomerRegistrationRequest("John  Doe", false);
+        assertEquals("John  Doe", request2.getCustomerName());
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/example/model/LoanRequestTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package com.example.model;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for LoanRequest model class
+ */
+@DisplayName("LoanRequest Model Tests")
+class LoanRequestTest {
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create LoanRequest with default constructor")
+    void testDefaultConstructor() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+
+        assertNotNull(request);
+        assertNull(request.getApplicantName());
+        assertEquals(0, request.getRequestedAmount());
+        assertEquals(0, request.getCreditScore());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create LoanRequest with parameterized constructor")
+    void testParameterizedConstructor() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest("John Doe", 50000, 750);
+
+        assertEquals("John Doe", request.getApplicantName());
+        assertEquals(50000, request.getRequestedAmount());
+        assertEquals(750, request.getCreditScore());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get applicantName")
+    void testSetAndGetApplicantName() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Jane Smith");
+
+        assertEquals("Jane Smith", request.getApplicantName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get requestedAmount")
+    void testSetAndGetRequestedAmount() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setRequestedAmount(100000);
+
+        assertEquals(100000, request.getRequestedAmount());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get creditScore")
+    void testSetAndGetCreditScore() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setCreditScore(800);
+
+        assertEquals(800, request.getCreditScore());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle null applicantName")
+    void testNullApplicantName() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest(null, 50000, 700);
+
+        assertNull(request.getApplicantName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle negative requestedAmount")
+    void testNegativeRequestedAmount() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setRequestedAmount(-1000);
+
+        assertEquals(-1000, request.getRequestedAmount());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle negative creditScore")
+    void testNegativeCreditScore() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setCreditScore(-100);
+
+        assertEquals(-100, request.getCreditScore());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle zero values")
+    void testZeroValues() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest("Test User", 0, 0);
+
+        assertEquals("Test User", request.getApplicantName());
+        assertEquals(0, request.getRequestedAmount());
+        assertEquals(0, request.getCreditScore());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle maximum integer values")
+    void testMaximumValues() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest("Test User", Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, request.getRequestedAmount());
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, request.getCreditScore());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should generate correct toString output")
+    void testToString() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest("Alice Brown", 75000, 720);
+        String result = request.toString();
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertTrue(result.contains("LoanRequest{"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("applicantName='Alice Brown'"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("requestedAmount=75000"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("creditScore=720"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should generate toString with null applicantName")
+    void testToStringWithNull() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest(null, 50000, 700);
+        String result = request.toString();
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertTrue(result.contains("applicantName='null'") || result.contains("applicantName=null"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle empty string applicantName")
+    void testEmptyApplicantName() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest("", 50000, 700);
+
+        assertEquals("", request.getApplicantName());
+        assertTrue(request.toString().contains("applicantName=''"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle special characters in applicantName")
+    void testSpecialCharactersInApplicantName() {
+        String specialName = "José O'Reilly-Smith";
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest(specialName, 50000, 700);
+
+        assertEquals(specialName, request.getApplicantName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should update values multiple times")
+    void testMultipleUpdates() {
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest("Initial Name", 10000, 600);
+
+        request.setApplicantName("Updated Name");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(20000);
+        request.setCreditScore(650);
+
+        assertEquals("Updated Name", request.getApplicantName());
+        assertEquals(20000, request.getRequestedAmount());
+        assertEquals(650, request.getCreditScore());
+
+        request.setApplicantName("Final Name");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(30000);
+        request.setCreditScore(700);
+
+        assertEquals("Final Name", request.getApplicantName());
+        assertEquals(30000, request.getRequestedAmount());
+        assertEquals(700, request.getCreditScore());
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/example/model/LoanResponseTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+package com.example.model;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for LoanResponse model class
+ */
+@DisplayName("LoanResponse Model Tests")
+class LoanResponseTest {
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create LoanResponse with default constructor")
+    void testDefaultConstructor() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse();
+
+        assertNotNull(response);
+        assertFalse(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(0.0, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+        assertNull(response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertNull(response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create LoanResponse with parameterized constructor")
+    void testParameterizedConstructor() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(true, 5.5, null, "Loan approved");
+
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(5.5, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+        assertNull(response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create approved loan response")
+    void testApprovedLoanResponse() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(true, 4.5, null, "Congratulations! Your loan has been approved.");
+
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(4.5, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+        assertNull(response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertNotNull(response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should create rejected loan response")
+    void testRejectedLoanResponse() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(false, 0.0, "Poor credit score", "Loan application rejected");
+
+        assertFalse(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(0.0, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals("Poor credit score", response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Loan application rejected", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get approved status")
+    void testSetAndGetApproved() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse();
+        response.setApproved(true);
+
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get approvedRate")
+    void testSetAndGetApprovedRate() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse();
+        response.setApprovedRate(6.25);
+
+        assertEquals(6.25, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get rejectionReason")
+    void testSetAndGetRejectionReason() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse();
+        response.setRejectionReason("Insufficient income");
+
+        assertEquals("Insufficient income", response.getRejectionReason());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should set and get message")
+    void testSetAndGetMessage() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse();
+        response.setMessage("Processing complete");
+
+        assertEquals("Processing complete", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle null rejectionReason")
+    void testNullRejectionReason() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(true, 5.0, null, "Approved");
+
+        assertNull(response.getRejectionReason());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle null message")
+    void testNullMessage() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(false, 0.0, "Rejected", null);
+
+        assertNull(response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle zero approvedRate")
+    void testZeroApprovedRate() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(false, 0.0, "Not approved", "Rejected");
+
+        assertEquals(0.0, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle negative approvedRate")
+    void testNegativeApprovedRate() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse();
+        response.setApprovedRate(-1.5);
+
+        assertEquals(-1.5, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle very high approvedRate")
+    void testHighApprovedRate() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse();
+        response.setApprovedRate(99.99);
+
+        assertEquals(99.99, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle decimal precision in approvedRate")
+    void testDecimalPrecision() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(true, 5.125, null, "Approved");
+
+        assertEquals(5.125, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.0001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should generate correct toString output")
+    void testToString() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(true, 4.75, null, "Loan approved successfully");
+        String result = response.toString();
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertTrue(result.contains("LoanResponse{"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("approved=true"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("approvedRate=4.75"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("rejectionReason='null'") || result.contains("rejectionReason=null"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("message='Loan approved successfully'"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should generate toString with rejection")
+    void testToStringWithRejection() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(false, 0.0, "Credit too low", "Application denied");
+        String result = response.toString();
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertTrue(result.contains("approved=false"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("approvedRate=0.0"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("rejectionReason='Credit too low'"));
+        assertTrue(result.contains("message='Application denied'"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should update values multiple times")
+    void testMultipleUpdates() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(false, 0.0, "Initial rejection", "Initial message");
+
+        response.setApproved(true);
+        response.setApprovedRate(5.5);
+        response.setRejectionReason(null);
+        response.setMessage("Updated to approved");
+
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(5.5, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+        assertNull(response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Updated to approved", response.getMessage());
+
+        response.setApproved(false);
+        response.setApprovedRate(0.0);
+        response.setRejectionReason("Final rejection");
+        response.setMessage("Final message");
+
+        assertFalse(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(0.0, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals("Final rejection", response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Final message", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle empty strings")
+    void testEmptyStrings() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(false, 0.0, "", "");
+
+        assertEquals("", response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle special characters in strings")
+    void testSpecialCharacters() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(
+            false,
+            0.0,
+            "Reason: Credit < 500 & income > $50k",
+            "Message: Contact us @ info@bank.com"
+        );
+
+        assertTrue(response.getRejectionReason().contains("<"));
+        assertTrue(response.getRejectionReason().contains("&"));
+        assertTrue(response.getMessage().contains("@"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle very long strings")
+    void testLongStrings() {
+        StringBuilder reasonBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        StringBuilder messageBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
+            reasonBuilder.append("A");
+            messageBuilder.append("B");
+        }
+        String longReason = reasonBuilder.toString();
+        String longMessage = messageBuilder.toString();
+
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(false, 0.0, longReason, longMessage);
+
+        assertEquals(500, response.getRejectionReason().length());
+        assertEquals(500, response.getMessage().length());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle approved loan with various rates")
+    void testVariousApprovedRates() {
+        double[] rates = {3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0};
+
+        for (double rate : rates) {
+            LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(true, rate, null, "Approved at " + rate + "%");
+            assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+            assertEquals(rate, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should toggle approved status")
+    void testToggleApprovedStatus() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse(false, 0.0, "Rejected", "Not approved");
+
+        assertFalse(response.isApproved());
+
+        response.setApproved(true);
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+
+        response.setApproved(false);
+        assertFalse(response.isApproved());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle Double.MAX_VALUE as approvedRate")
+    void testMaxDoubleValue() {
+        LoanResponse response = new LoanResponse();
+        response.setApprovedRate(Double.MAX_VALUE);
+
+        assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, response.getApprovedRate(), 0.001);
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/example/repository/impl/CustomerRepositoryImplTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+package com.example.repository.impl;
+
+import com.example.util.DatabaseManager;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for CustomerRepositoryImpl
+ */
+@DisplayName("CustomerRepositoryImpl Tests")
+@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
+class CustomerRepositoryImplTest {
+
+    private CustomerRepositoryImpl repository;
+    private DatabaseManager dbManager;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        dbManager = DatabaseManager.getInstance();
+        dbManager.resetDatabase();
+        repository = new CustomerRepositoryImpl();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(1)
+    @DisplayName("Should register new customer successfully")
+    void testRegisterCustomer() {
+        boolean result = repository.registerCustomer("John Doe", false);
+
+        assertTrue(result, "Should successfully register new customer");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(2)
+    @DisplayName("Should register blacklisted customer")
+    void testRegisterBlacklistedCustomer() {
+        boolean result = repository.registerCustomer("Blacklisted User", true);
+
+        assertTrue(result);
+        assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("Blacklisted User"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(3)
+    @DisplayName("Should not register duplicate customer")
+    void testRegisterDuplicateCustomer() {
+        repository.registerCustomer("John Doe", false);
+        boolean result = repository.registerCustomer("John Doe", false);
+
+        assertFalse(result, "Should not register duplicate customer");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(4)
+    @DisplayName("Should throw exception for null customer name")
+    void testRegisterCustomerWithNullName() {
+        Exception exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            repository.registerCustomer(null, false);
+        });
+
+        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("cannot be null or empty"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(5)
+    @DisplayName("Should throw exception for empty customer name")
+    void testRegisterCustomerWithEmptyName() {
+        Exception exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            repository.registerCustomer("", false);
+        });
+
+        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("cannot be null or empty"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(6)
+    @DisplayName("Should throw exception for whitespace-only customer name")
+    void testRegisterCustomerWithWhitespaceName() {
+        Exception exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
+            repository.registerCustomer("   ", false);
+        });
+
+        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("cannot be null or empty"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(7)
+    @DisplayName("Should check blacklist status for existing customer")
+    void testIsBlacklistedForExistingCustomer() {
+        repository.registerCustomer("Normal User", false);
+        repository.registerCustomer("Bad User", true);
+
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("Normal User"));
+        assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("Bad User"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(8)
+    @DisplayName("Should return false for non-existent customer blacklist check")
+    void testIsBlacklistedForNonExistentCustomer() {
+        boolean result = repository.isBlacklisted("Non Existent User");
+
+        assertFalse(result, "Non-existent customer should not be blacklisted");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(9)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle multiple customer registrations")
+    void testMultipleCustomerRegistrations() {
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("User1", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("User2", true));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("User3", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("User4", true));
+
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("User1"));
+        assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("User2"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("User3"));
+        assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("User4"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(10)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle customer names with special characters")
+    void testCustomerNamesWithSpecialCharacters() {
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("O'Brien", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("Jean-Claude", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("José García", false));
+
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("O'Brien"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("Jean-Claude"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("José García"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(11)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle very long customer names")
+    void testVeryLongCustomerName() {
+        StringBuilder longName = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+            longName.append("A");
+        }
+        String customerName = longName.toString();
+
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer(customerName, false));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted(customerName));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(12)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle case-sensitive customer names")
+    void testCaseSensitiveCustomerNames() {
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("john doe", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("John Doe", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("JOHN DOE", false));
+
+        // All should be registered as separate customers
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("john doe"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("John Doe"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("JOHN DOE"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(13)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle customer names with numbers")
+    void testCustomerNamesWithNumbers() {
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("User123", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("123User", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("User 456", false));
+
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("User123"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("123User"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("User 456"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(14)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle rapid successive registrations")
+    void testRapidSuccessiveRegistrations() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+            assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("RapidUser" + i, i % 2 == 0));
+        }
+
+        // Verify some registrations (i%2==0 means blacklisted=true)
+        assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("RapidUser0"));   // i=0: even, blacklisted
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("RapidUser1"));  // i=1: odd, not blacklisted
+        assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("RapidUser10"));  // i=10: even, blacklisted
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("RapidUser11")); // i=11: odd, not blacklisted
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(15)
+    @DisplayName("Should maintain blacklist status consistency")
+    void testBlacklistStatusConsistency() {
+        repository.registerCustomer("Test User", true);
+
+        // Check multiple times
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("Test User"),
+                      "Blacklist status should be consistent across multiple checks");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(16)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle customer names with unicode characters")
+    void testCustomerNamesWithUnicodeCharacters() {
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("用户名", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("Имя пользователя", false));
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("اسم المستخدم", false));
+
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("用户名"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("Имя пользователя"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("اسم المستخدم"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(17)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle customer registration with leading/trailing spaces")
+    void testCustomerNamesWithSpaces() {
+        // The repository trims spaces in validation, so these should work
+        assertTrue(repository.registerCustomer("User With Spaces", false));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("User With Spaces"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(18)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle alternating blacklist registrations")
+    void testAlternatingBlacklistRegistrations() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+            boolean isBlacklisted = (i % 3 == 0);
+            repository.registerCustomer("AlternateUser" + i, isBlacklisted);
+        }
+
+        assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("AlternateUser0"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("AlternateUser1"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("AlternateUser2"));
+        assertTrue(repository.isBlacklisted("AlternateUser3"));
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("AlternateUser4"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(19)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle registration attempt after failed registration")
+    void testRegistrationAfterFailedAttempt() {
+        repository.registerCustomer("TestUser", false);
+
+        // First duplicate attempt fails
+        assertFalse(repository.registerCustomer("TestUser", true));
+
+        // Second duplicate attempt also fails
+        assertFalse(repository.registerCustomer("TestUser", false));
+
+        // Original registration should still be valid
+        assertFalse(repository.isBlacklisted("TestUser"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(20)
+    @DisplayName("Should correctly identify non-blacklisted status")
+    void testNonBlacklistedStatus() {
+        repository.registerCustomer("Good Customer", false);
+
+        boolean isBlacklisted = repository.isBlacklisted("Good Customer");
+
+        assertFalse(isBlacklisted, "Good customer should not be blacklisted");
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/example/repository/impl/LoanHistoryRepositoryImplTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+package com.example.repository.impl;
+
+import com.example.util.DatabaseManager;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for LoanHistoryRepositoryImpl
+ */
+@DisplayName("LoanHistoryRepositoryImpl Tests")
+@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
+class LoanHistoryRepositoryImplTest {
+
+    private LoanHistoryRepositoryImpl repository;
+    private DatabaseManager dbManager;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        dbManager = DatabaseManager.getInstance();
+        dbManager.resetDatabase();
+        repository = new LoanHistoryRepositoryImpl();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(1)
+    @DisplayName("Should save approved loan history")
+    void testSaveApprovedLoanHistory() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("John Doe", 50000, true, 5.5, null);
+
+        // Verify data was saved
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT * FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'John Doe'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals("John Doe", rs.getString("applicant_name"));
+            assertEquals(50000, rs.getInt("requested_amount"));
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt("approved"));
+            assertEquals(5.5, rs.getDouble("approved_rate"), 0.001);
+            assertNull(rs.getString("rejection_reason"));
+            assertNotNull(rs.getString("processed_at"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(2)
+    @DisplayName("Should save rejected loan history")
+    void testSaveRejectedLoanHistory() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Jane Smith", 100000, false, 0.0, "Credit score too low");
+
+        // Verify data was saved
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT * FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Jane Smith'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals("Jane Smith", rs.getString("applicant_name"));
+            assertEquals(100000, rs.getInt("requested_amount"));
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getInt("approved"));
+            assertEquals(0.0, rs.getDouble("approved_rate"), 0.001);
+            assertEquals("Credit score too low", rs.getString("rejection_reason"));
+            assertNotNull(rs.getString("processed_at"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(3)
+    @DisplayName("Should save multiple loan histories")
+    void testSaveMultipleLoanHistories() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("User1", 30000, true, 4.5, null);
+        repository.saveHistory("User2", 60000, false, 0.0, "Insufficient income");
+        repository.saveHistory("User3", 45000, true, 6.0, null);
+
+        // Verify count
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM loan_history")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(3, rs.getInt("count"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(4)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with zero amount")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithZeroAmount() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Zero User", 0, false, 0.0, "Invalid amount");
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT * FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Zero User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getInt("requested_amount"));
+            assertFalse(rs.getBoolean("approved"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(5)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with very large amount")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithLargeAmount() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Rich User", 10000000, true, 3.5, null);
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT * FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Rich User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(10000000, rs.getInt("requested_amount"));
+            assertEquals(3.5, rs.getDouble("approved_rate"), 0.001);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(6)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with special characters in name")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithSpecialCharacters() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("O'Brien", 50000, true, 5.0, null);
+        repository.saveHistory("Jean-Claude", 60000, false, 0.0, "Reason: Bad history");
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name LIKE '%-%' OR applicant_name LIKE '%''%'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(2, rs.getInt("count"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(7)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with different approval rates")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithDifferentRates() throws SQLException {
+        double[] rates = {3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0};
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < rates.length; i++) {
+            repository.saveHistory("User" + i, 50000, true, rates[i], null);
+        }
+
+        // Verify all rates were saved correctly
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT approved_rate FROM loan_history WHERE approved = 1 ORDER BY approved_rate")) {
+
+            for (double rate : rates) {
+                assertTrue(rs.next());
+                assertEquals(rate, rs.getDouble("approved_rate"), 0.001);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(8)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with long rejection reason")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithLongRejectionReason() throws SQLException {
+        StringBuilder longReason = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            longReason.append("Reason part ").append(i).append(". ");
+        }
+
+        repository.saveHistory("Test User", 50000, false, 0.0, longReason.toString());
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT rejection_reason FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Test User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            String savedReason = rs.getString("rejection_reason");
+            assertNotNull(savedReason);
+            assertTrue(savedReason.length() > 1000);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(9)
+    @DisplayName("Should save multiple histories for same applicant")
+    void testSaveMultipleHistoriesForSameApplicant() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Repeat User", 30000, false, 0.0, "First rejection");
+        repository.saveHistory("Repeat User", 40000, false, 0.0, "Second rejection");
+        repository.saveHistory("Repeat User", 50000, true, 5.5, null);
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Repeat User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(3, rs.getInt("count"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(10)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with null rejection reason for approved loan")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithNullRejectionReason() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Approved User", 50000, true, 5.5, null);
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT rejection_reason FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Approved User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertNull(rs.getString("rejection_reason"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(11)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle rapid successive history saves")
+    void testRapidSuccessiveHistorySaves() throws SQLException {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            repository.saveHistory("Rapid" + i, 50000, i % 2 == 0, 5.5, i % 2 == 0 ? null : "Rejected");
+        }
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM loan_history")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(100, rs.getInt("count"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(12)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with unicode characters in name")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithUnicodeCharacters() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("用户", 50000, true, 5.0, null);
+        repository.saveHistory("Пользователь", 60000, false, 0.0, "Отклонено");
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM loan_history")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(2, rs.getInt("count"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(13)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with decimal approval rates")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithDecimalRates() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Decimal User", 50000, true, 5.125, null);
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT approved_rate FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Decimal User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(5.125, rs.getDouble("approved_rate"), 0.0001);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(14)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with empty rejection reason")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithEmptyRejectionReason() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Empty Reason", 50000, false, 0.0, "");
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT rejection_reason FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Empty Reason'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals("", rs.getString("rejection_reason"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(15)
+    @DisplayName("Should auto-generate ID for loan history records")
+    void testAutoGenerateId() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("User1", 50000, true, 5.5, null);
+        repository.saveHistory("User2", 60000, true, 6.0, null);
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT id FROM loan_history ORDER BY id")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            int id1 = rs.getInt("id");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            int id2 = rs.getInt("id");
+
+            assertTrue(id2 > id1, "IDs should be auto-incrementing");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(16)
+    @DisplayName("Should save processed_at timestamp")
+    void testSaveProcessedAtTimestamp() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Timestamp User", 50000, true, 5.5, null);
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT processed_at FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Timestamp User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            String processedAt = rs.getString("processed_at");
+            assertNotNull(processedAt);
+            // Verify format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
+            assertTrue(processedAt.matches("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(17)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle different rejection reasons")
+    void testDifferentRejectionReasons() throws SQLException {
+        String[] reasons = {
+            "Credit score too low",
+            "Insufficient income",
+            "Poor credit history",
+            "High debt-to-income ratio",
+            "Blacklisted customer",
+            "Invalid application"
+        };
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < reasons.length; i++) {
+            repository.saveHistory("RejectedUser" + i, 50000, false, 0.0, reasons[i]);
+        }
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT rejection_reason) as count FROM loan_history WHERE approved = 0")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(reasons.length, rs.getInt("count"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(18)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with negative amount")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithNegativeAmount() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Negative User", -1000, false, 0.0, "Invalid amount");
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT requested_amount FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Negative User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(-1000, rs.getInt("requested_amount"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(19)
+    @DisplayName("Should maintain history order by processed_at")
+    void testHistoryOrder() throws SQLException {
+        // Save multiple histories with slight delay
+        repository.saveHistory("First", 50000, true, 5.5, null);
+        try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
+        repository.saveHistory("Second", 60000, true, 6.0, null);
+        try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
+        repository.saveHistory("Third", 70000, true, 7.0, null);
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT applicant_name FROM loan_history ORDER BY processed_at")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals("First", rs.getString("applicant_name"));
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals("Second", rs.getString("applicant_name"));
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals("Third", rs.getString("applicant_name"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(20)
+    @DisplayName("Should save loan history with maximum double value for rate")
+    void testSaveLoanHistoryWithMaxRate() throws SQLException {
+        repository.saveHistory("Max Rate User", 50000, true, Double.MAX_VALUE, null);
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT approved_rate FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Max Rate User'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(Double.MAX_VALUE, rs.getDouble("approved_rate"), 0.001);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/example/service/LoanApprovalServiceTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+package com.example.service;
+
+import com.example.model.CustomerRegistrationRequest;
+import com.example.model.LoanRequest;
+import com.example.model.LoanResponse;
+import com.example.repository.CustomerRepository;
+import com.example.repository.LoanHistoryRepository;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import javax.xml.ws.soap.SOAPFaultException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for LoanApprovalService
+ * Tests customer registration and loan approval logic
+ */
+@DisplayName("LoanApprovalService Tests")
+class LoanApprovalServiceTest {
+
+    private LoanApprovalService service;
+
+    @Mock
+    private CustomerRepository customerRepository;
+
+    @Mock
+    private LoanHistoryRepository loanHistoryRepository;
+
+    @Mock
+    private CreditScoreService creditScoreService;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
+        service = new LoanApprovalService();
+        service.setCustomerRepository(customerRepository);
+        service.setLoanHistoryRepository(loanHistoryRepository);
+        service.setCreditScoreService(creditScoreService);
+    }
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // Customer Registration Tests
+    // ============================================================
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should register new customer successfully")
+    void testRegisterNewCustomer_Success() {
+        // Arrange
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest();
+        request.setCustomerName("John Doe");
+        request.setBlacklisted(false);
+
+        when(customerRepository.registerCustomer("John Doe", false)).thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Act
+        String result = service.registerNewCustomer(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertEquals("Registration Successful", result);
+        verify(customerRepository).registerCustomer("John Doe", false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should register blacklisted customer successfully")
+    void testRegisterNewCustomer_Blacklisted() {
+        // Arrange
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest();
+        request.setCustomerName("Bad Actor");
+        request.setBlacklisted(true);
+
+        when(customerRepository.registerCustomer("Bad Actor", true)).thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Act
+        String result = service.registerNewCustomer(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertEquals("Registration Successful", result);
+        verify(customerRepository).registerCustomer("Bad Actor", true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should fail registration for duplicate customer")
+    void testRegisterNewCustomer_Duplicate() {
+        // Arrange
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest();
+        request.setCustomerName("Existing Customer");
+        request.setBlacklisted(false);
+
+        when(customerRepository.registerCustomer("Existing Customer", false)).thenReturn(false);
+
+        // Act
+        String result = service.registerNewCustomer(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertEquals("Error: Customer already exists", result);
+        verify(customerRepository).registerCustomer("Existing Customer", false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should throw SOAP fault for null registration request")
+    void testRegisterNewCustomer_NullRequest() {
+        // Act & Assert
+        assertThrows(SOAPFaultException.class, () -> {
+            service.registerNewCustomer(null);
+        });
+
+        verify(customerRepository, never()).registerCustomer(anyString(), anyBoolean());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should throw SOAP fault for null customer name")
+    void testRegisterNewCustomer_NullName() {
+        // Arrange
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest();
+        request.setCustomerName(null);
+        request.setBlacklisted(false);
+
+        // Act & Assert
+        assertThrows(SOAPFaultException.class, () -> {
+            service.registerNewCustomer(request);
+        });
+
+        verify(customerRepository, never()).registerCustomer(anyString(), anyBoolean());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should throw SOAP fault for empty customer name")
+    void testRegisterNewCustomer_EmptyName() {
+        // Arrange
+        CustomerRegistrationRequest request = new CustomerRegistrationRequest();
+        request.setCustomerName("   ");
+        request.setBlacklisted(false);
+
+        // Act & Assert
+        assertThrows(SOAPFaultException.class, () -> {
+            service.registerNewCustomer(request);
+        });
+
+        verify(customerRepository, never()).registerCustomer(anyString(), anyBoolean());
+    }
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // Loan Approval Tests - Excellent Credit (>= 700)
+    // ============================================================
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should approve loan with 3.5% rate for credit score 750")
+    void testLoanApproval_ExcellentCredit() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Alice");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(50000);
+        request.setCreditScore(750);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Alice")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Alice")).thenReturn(750);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(3.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertNull(response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved with excellent rate", response.getMessage());
+
+        verify(loanHistoryRepository).saveHistory("Alice", 50000, true, 3.5, null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should approve loan with 3.5% rate for credit score exactly 700")
+    void testLoanApproval_CreditScore700() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Bob");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(30000);
+        request.setCreditScore(700);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Bob")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Bob")).thenReturn(700);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(3.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved with excellent rate", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // Loan Approval Tests - Good Credit (600-699)
+    // ============================================================
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should approve loan with 5.5% rate for credit score 650")
+    void testLoanApproval_GoodCredit() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Charlie");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(25000);
+        request.setCreditScore(650);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Charlie")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Charlie")).thenReturn(650);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(5.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertNull(response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved with standard rate", response.getMessage());
+
+        verify(loanHistoryRepository).saveHistory("Charlie", 25000, true, 5.5, null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should approve loan with 5.5% rate for credit score exactly 600")
+    void testLoanApproval_CreditScore600() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Diana");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(20000);
+        request.setCreditScore(600);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Diana")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Diana")).thenReturn(600);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(5.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved with standard rate", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should approve loan with 5.5% rate for credit score 699")
+    void testLoanApproval_CreditScore699() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Eve");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(15000);
+        request.setCreditScore(699);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Eve")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Eve")).thenReturn(699);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(5.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved with standard rate", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // Loan Approval Tests - Fair Credit (500-599)
+    // ============================================================
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should approve loan with 8.5% rate for credit score 550")
+    void testLoanApproval_FairCredit() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Frank");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(10000);
+        request.setCreditScore(550);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Frank")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Frank")).thenReturn(550);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(8.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertNull(response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved with high risk rate", response.getMessage());
+
+        verify(loanHistoryRepository).saveHistory("Frank", 10000, true, 8.5, null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should approve loan with 8.5% rate for credit score exactly 500")
+    void testLoanApproval_CreditScore500() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Grace");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(5000);
+        request.setCreditScore(500);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Grace")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Grace")).thenReturn(500);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(8.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved with high risk rate", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should approve loan with 8.5% rate for credit score 599")
+    void testLoanApproval_CreditScore599() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Henry");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(8000);
+        request.setCreditScore(599);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Henry")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Henry")).thenReturn(599);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(8.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertEquals("Loan approved with high risk rate", response.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // Loan Rejection Tests - Poor Credit (< 500)
+    // ============================================================
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should reject loan for credit score below 500")
+    void testLoanRejection_PoorCredit() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Ivan");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(5000);
+        request.setCreditScore(450);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Ivan")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Ivan")).thenReturn(450);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertFalse(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(0.0, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertEquals("Credit score too low", response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Loan application rejected", response.getMessage());
+
+        verify(loanHistoryRepository).saveHistory("Ivan", 5000, false, 0.0, "Credit score too low");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should reject loan for credit score 499")
+    void testLoanRejection_CreditScore499() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Jane");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(3000);
+        request.setCreditScore(499);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Jane")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Jane")).thenReturn(499);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertFalse(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals("Credit score too low", response.getRejectionReason());
+    }
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // Blacklist Tests
+    // ============================================================
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should reject loan for blacklisted applicant")
+    void testLoanRejection_Blacklisted() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Blacklisted Person");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(10000);
+        request.setCreditScore(750);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Blacklisted Person")).thenReturn(true);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertFalse(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(0.0, response.getApprovedRate());
+        assertEquals("Applicant is blacklisted", response.getRejectionReason());
+        assertEquals("Loan application rejected", response.getMessage());
+
+        verify(loanHistoryRepository).saveHistory("Blacklisted Person", 10000, false, 0.0, "Applicant is blacklisted");
+        verify(creditScoreService, never()).getCreditScore(anyString());
+    }
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // Input Validation Tests
+    // ============================================================
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should throw SOAP fault for null loan request")
+    void testLoanApplication_NullRequest() {
+        // Act & Assert
+        assertThrows(SOAPFaultException.class, () -> {
+            service.processLoanApplication(null);
+        });
+
+        verify(customerRepository, never()).isBlacklisted(anyString());
+        verify(loanHistoryRepository, never()).saveHistory(anyString(), anyInt(), anyBoolean(), anyDouble(), anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should throw SOAP fault for null applicant name")
+    void testLoanApplication_NullApplicantName() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName(null);
+        request.setRequestedAmount(10000);
+        request.setCreditScore(700);
+
+        // Act & Assert
+        assertThrows(SOAPFaultException.class, () -> {
+            service.processLoanApplication(request);
+        });
+
+        verify(customerRepository, never()).isBlacklisted(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should throw SOAP fault for empty applicant name")
+    void testLoanApplication_EmptyApplicantName() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("  ");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(10000);
+        request.setCreditScore(700);
+
+        // Act & Assert
+        assertThrows(SOAPFaultException.class, () -> {
+            service.processLoanApplication(request);
+        });
+
+        verify(customerRepository, never()).isBlacklisted(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should throw SOAP fault for zero loan amount")
+    void testLoanApplication_ZeroAmount() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Test User");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(0);
+        request.setCreditScore(700);
+
+        // Act & Assert
+        assertThrows(SOAPFaultException.class, () -> {
+            service.processLoanApplication(request);
+        });
+
+        verify(customerRepository, never()).isBlacklisted(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should throw SOAP fault for negative loan amount")
+    void testLoanApplication_NegativeAmount() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Test User");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(-1000);
+        request.setCreditScore(700);
+
+        // Act & Assert
+        assertThrows(SOAPFaultException.class, () -> {
+            service.processLoanApplication(request);
+        });
+
+        verify(customerRepository, never()).isBlacklisted(anyString());
+    }
+
+    // ============================================================
+    // Edge Case Tests
+    // ============================================================
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle very large loan amount")
+    void testLoanApplication_LargeLoanAmount() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Rich Person");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        request.setCreditScore(800);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Rich Person")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Rich Person")).thenReturn(800);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(3.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+
+        verify(loanHistoryRepository).saveHistory("Rich Person", Integer.MAX_VALUE, true, 3.5, null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle applicant names with special characters")
+    void testLoanApplication_SpecialCharactersInName() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("O'Brien-Smith");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(20000);
+        request.setCreditScore(720);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("O'Brien-Smith")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("O'Brien-Smith")).thenReturn(720);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        assertEquals(3.5, response.getApprovedRate());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("Should handle minimum valid loan amount")
+    void testLoanApplication_MinimumAmount() {
+        // Arrange
+        LoanRequest request = new LoanRequest();
+        request.setApplicantName("Small Borrower");
+        request.setRequestedAmount(1);
+        request.setCreditScore(700);
+
+        when(customerRepository.isBlacklisted("Small Borrower")).thenReturn(false);
+        when(creditScoreService.getCreditScore("Small Borrower")).thenReturn(700);
+
+        // Act
+        LoanResponse response = service.processLoanApplication(request);
+
+        // Assert
+        assertTrue(response.isApproved());
+        verify(loanHistoryRepository).saveHistory("Small Borrower", 1, true, 3.5, null);
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/example/util/DatabaseManagerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+package com.example.util;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for DatabaseManager utility class
+ */
+@DisplayName("DatabaseManager Tests")
+@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
+class DatabaseManagerTest {
+
+    private DatabaseManager dbManager;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        dbManager = DatabaseManager.getInstance();
+        // Reset database before each test
+        dbManager.resetDatabase();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(1)
+    @DisplayName("Should return singleton instance")
+    void testGetInstance() {
+        DatabaseManager instance1 = DatabaseManager.getInstance();
+        DatabaseManager instance2 = DatabaseManager.getInstance();
+
+        assertNotNull(instance1);
+        assertNotNull(instance2);
+        assertSame(instance1, instance2, "Should return same instance");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(2)
+    @DisplayName("Should get database connection")
+    void testGetConnection() throws SQLException {
+        Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+
+        assertNotNull(conn);
+        assertFalse(conn.isClosed());
+
+        conn.close();
+        assertTrue(conn.isClosed());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(3)
+    @DisplayName("Should initialize database schema")
+    void testInitializeSchema() throws SQLException {
+        dbManager.initializeSchema();
+
+        // Verify customers table exists
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='customers'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next(), "Customers table should exist");
+        }
+
+        // Verify loan_history table exists
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(
+                 "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='loan_history'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next(), "Loan history table should exist");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(4)
+    @DisplayName("Should create customers table with correct schema")
+    void testCustomersTableSchema() throws SQLException {
+        dbManager.initializeSchema();
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+
+            // Insert test data
+            stmt.execute("INSERT INTO customers (customer_name, is_blacklisted, registered_at) " +
+                        "VALUES ('Test User', 0, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+
+            // Query test data
+            try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customer_name = 'Test User'")) {
+                assertTrue(rs.next());
+                assertEquals("Test User", rs.getString("customer_name"));
+                assertEquals(0, rs.getInt("is_blacklisted"));
+                assertEquals("2025-01-01 10:00:00", rs.getString("registered_at"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(5)
+    @DisplayName("Should create loan_history table with correct schema")
+    void testLoanHistoryTableSchema() throws SQLException {
+        dbManager.initializeSchema();
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+
+            // Insert test data
+            stmt.execute("INSERT INTO loan_history " +
+                        "(applicant_name, requested_amount, approved, approved_rate, rejection_reason, processed_at) " +
+                        "VALUES ('Test Applicant', 50000, 1, 5.5, NULL, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+
+            // Query test data
+            try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM loan_history WHERE applicant_name = 'Test Applicant'")) {
+                assertTrue(rs.next());
+                assertEquals("Test Applicant", rs.getString("applicant_name"));
+                assertEquals(50000, rs.getInt("requested_amount"));
+                assertEquals(1, rs.getInt("approved"));
+                assertEquals(5.5, rs.getDouble("approved_rate"), 0.001);
+                assertNull(rs.getString("rejection_reason"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(6)
+    @DisplayName("Should reset database successfully")
+    void testResetDatabase() throws SQLException {
+        // First, initialize and add some data
+        dbManager.initializeSchema();
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+
+            stmt.execute("INSERT INTO customers (customer_name, is_blacklisted, registered_at) " +
+                        "VALUES ('User1', 0, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+
+            // Verify data exists
+            try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM customers")) {
+                assertTrue(rs.next());
+                assertEquals(1, rs.getInt("count"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Reset database
+        dbManager.resetDatabase();
+
+        // Verify tables are empty
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM customers")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getInt("count"), "Customers table should be empty after reset");
+        }
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM loan_history")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getInt("count"), "Loan history table should be empty after reset");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(7)
+    @DisplayName("Should test database connection successfully")
+    void testTestConnection() {
+        boolean result = dbManager.testConnection();
+
+        assertTrue(result, "Test connection should return true");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(8)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle multiple connections")
+    void testMultipleConnections() throws SQLException {
+        Connection conn1 = dbManager.getConnection();
+        Connection conn2 = dbManager.getConnection();
+        Connection conn3 = dbManager.getConnection();
+
+        assertNotNull(conn1);
+        assertNotNull(conn2);
+        assertNotNull(conn3);
+
+        assertNotSame(conn1, conn2, "Should create different connection objects");
+        assertNotSame(conn2, conn3, "Should create different connection objects");
+
+        conn1.close();
+        conn2.close();
+        conn3.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(9)
+    @DisplayName("Should close connection safely with non-null connection")
+    void testCloseConnectionWithValidConnection() throws SQLException {
+        Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+        assertFalse(conn.isClosed());
+
+        DatabaseManager.closeConnection(conn);
+
+        assertTrue(conn.isClosed());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(10)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle closing null connection gracefully")
+    void testCloseConnectionWithNullConnection() {
+        // Should not throw exception
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> DatabaseManager.closeConnection(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(11)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle closing already closed connection")
+    void testCloseConnectionWithAlreadyClosedConnection() throws SQLException {
+        Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+        conn.close();
+
+        // Should not throw exception
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> DatabaseManager.closeConnection(conn));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(12)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle schema initialization multiple times")
+    void testInitializeSchemMultipleTimes() {
+        // Initialize multiple times - should not fail
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
+            dbManager.initializeSchema();
+            dbManager.initializeSchema();
+            dbManager.initializeSchema();
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(13)
+    @DisplayName("Should maintain data consistency across connections")
+    void testDataConsistencyAcrossConnections() throws SQLException {
+        dbManager.initializeSchema();
+
+        // Insert data with one connection
+        try (Connection conn1 = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn1.createStatement()) {
+
+            stmt.execute("INSERT INTO customers (customer_name, is_blacklisted, registered_at) " +
+                        "VALUES ('Consistency Test', 1, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+        }
+
+        // Read data with different connection
+        try (Connection conn2 = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn2.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customer_name = 'Consistency Test'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals("Consistency Test", rs.getString("customer_name"));
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt("is_blacklisted"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(14)
+    @DisplayName("Should support transactions")
+    void testTransactionSupport() throws SQLException {
+        dbManager.initializeSchema();
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection()) {
+            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
+
+            try (Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+                stmt.execute("INSERT INTO customers (customer_name, is_blacklisted, registered_at) " +
+                            "VALUES ('Transaction Test', 0, '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+
+                // Rollback
+                conn.rollback();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Verify data was not committed
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM customers WHERE customer_name = 'Transaction Test'")) {
+
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getInt("count"), "Data should not exist after rollback");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Order(15)
+    @DisplayName("Should handle large data insertions")
+    void testLargeDataInsertion() throws SQLException {
+        dbManager.initializeSchema();
+
+        try (Connection conn = dbManager.getConnection();
+             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
+
+            // Insert 100 customers
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+                stmt.execute("INSERT INTO customers (customer_name, is_blacklisted, registered_at) " +
+                            "VALUES ('Customer" + i + "', " + (i % 2) + ", '2025-01-01 10:00:00')");
+            }
+
+            // Verify count
+            try (ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) as count FROM customers")) {
+                assertTrue(rs.next());
+                assertEquals(100, rs.getInt("count"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}